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The cosmic web is the vast, intricate structure of the universe on its largest scales, consisting of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and dark matter connected by filaments, separated by immense voids. It resembles a gigantic web of matter, stretching across hundreds of millions of light-years. 1. Discovery and Formation of the Cosmic Web (A) Discovery and

  The holographic principle is a revolutionary idea in theoretical physics that suggests all the information contained in a volume of space can be described by data on its boundary. In other words, the universe might be fundamentally a hologram, where a higher-dimensional reality is encoded on a lower-dimensional surface. 1. Origins of the Holographic

The black hole information loss paradox is a fundamental problem in theoretical physics that arises from the apparent contradiction between general relativity and quantum mechanics regarding what happens to information that falls into a black hole. 1. The Problem: Hawking Radiation and Information Loss In 1974, Stephen Hawking showed that black holes are not completely

  Black holes are among the most mysterious and extreme objects in the universe. They form when massive amounts of matter collapse into an infinitely dense point called a singularity, surrounded by an event horizon beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape. 1. Origins of Black Holes Black holes can form through various processes

  Proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915, the Theory of General Relativity (GR) extends Special Relativity to include gravity. It describes how massive objects warp space and time, fundamentally changing our understanding of gravity. Key Principles of General Relativity Equivalence Principle: Acceleration and gravity are indistinguishable from each other. A person inside a sealed spaceship

  Proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905, the Theory of Special Relativity revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and motion. It applies to objects moving at constant velocity (inertial frames) and is based on two fundamental postulates.   Einstein’s Two Postulates: The Principle of Relativity: The laws of physics are the same in all inertial

  Microwaves heat food using a fascinating process that involves electromagnetic radiation. Here’s a simple explanation of how it works: How Microwaves Heat Food Microwave Radiation: A microwave oven generates microwaves, which are a type of electromagnetic wave (similar to radio waves but with higher energy). These microwaves are produced by a component called a magnetron. Targeting Water